The recommended crystal frequency for the DS1306 is 32.768 kHz. This frequency is used to generate the clock signal for the real-time clock (RTC) and is required for the device to function correctly.
The clock on the DS1306 can be set by writing the desired time and date values to the device's registers using the I2C interface. The device has a set of registers that store the seconds, minutes, hours, day, date, month, and year, which can be written to using the I2C protocol.
The SQW (Square Wave) pin on the DS1306 is an output pin that generates a square wave signal at a frequency of 1 Hz, 4 kHz, 8 kHz, or 32 kHz, depending on the value written to the SQW frequency selection bits in the device's control register. This pin can be used to drive an external clock or timer circuit.
The DS1306 automatically handles leap years by incrementing the date by one day on February 29th in leap years. The device has a built-in leap year detection algorithm that takes into account the year, month, and day to determine whether a leap year is occurring.
The power consumption of the DS1306 depends on the operating mode and the frequency of the crystal oscillator. In active mode, the device typically consumes around 1.5 μA at 5V, while in standby mode, it consumes around 0.2 μA at 5V.