The INA118U can handle input voltages up to ±40V, but it's recommended to keep the input voltage within ±20V for optimal performance.
The gain resistor (Rg) should be chosen based on the desired gain and the input signal amplitude. A higher gain resistor value results in higher gain, but also increases noise and distortion. A good starting point is to use the recommended values in the datasheet, and then adjust based on your specific application.
The capacitor on the REF pin is used to filter out noise and provide a stable reference voltage. It's recommended to use a 10nF to 100nF capacitor, depending on the noise level in your system.
To minimize noise and interference, keep the input and output traces separate, use a ground plane, and keep the INA118U away from high-current or high-frequency components. Also, use a shielded cable for the input signal and keep the cable length as short as possible.
The typical current consumption of the INA118U is around 400μA, but this can vary depending on the supply voltage, gain, and output load.