The maximum input voltage that can be applied to the MAX4173TESA+ is 40V, but it's recommended to keep it below 36V for reliable operation.
To ensure accurate voltage measurement, make sure to use a high-impedance input source, keep the input voltage within the specified range, and use a low-noise power supply. Also, consider using a voltage reference IC like the MAX6126 for improved accuracy.
The VREF pin is used to set the internal voltage reference for the ADC. It can be connected to an external voltage reference or left unconnected to use the internal 2.5V reference.
To convert the 12-bit ADC output code to a voltage value, use the following formula: Voltage = (Output Code / 4096) * VREF, where VREF is the voltage reference used (either internal or external).
The maximum sampling rate of the MAX4173TESA+ is 1.5Msps (million samples per second). However, the actual sampling rate may be limited by the system's clock frequency and the conversion time.